被消费的“文革”历史与当代现实——消费文化语境下《兄弟》的生产与传播

The History of "Cultural Revolution" and the Reality of Contemporary Society in Literature:The Production and Dissemination of Brother in the Context of Consumer Culture

余华的《兄弟》在2005、2006年的分期出版是当代文学的一次重要事件,它的生产与传播过程典型地显示了消费市场和商品文化主导与影响下的文学生产机制对文学的宰制作用。从文学叙事的角度看,消费文化及其文学生产机制影响了《兄弟》的审美品格和叙事特征,"文革"历史与改革时代的现实在小说中呈现出夸饰化、漫画化、荒诞化的倾向。这种文学症候标识出余华由先锋作家到畅销写手的某种隐形蜕变,同时,对于当代文学的发展来说,文学与市场、消费文化保持适度联姻时,要规避其对文学自主性和文学审美品质的潜在伤害,要对消费文化保持适当的警觉。

Yu Hua＇s publication of his Brother by installments in 2005 and 2006 is an important literary event in contemporary literature; the production and dissemination of the novel typically shows how the production and dissemination of literary works is dominated by the consumer market and commodity culture-led literary production mechanism. From the perspective of literary narrative, the consumer culture and its effect on literary production both influence the aesthetic and narrative dimensions of Brother, in which the history of ＂Cultural Revolution＂ and the social reality in the reform era both present a hyperbolic, caricatural and absurd tendency. All this indicates an invisible transformation of Yu Hua from a vanguard writer to a best-seller writer. Meanwhile, for the sake of the development of contemporary literature, we should be on the alert for consumer culture and try to avoid the possible negative effects it will exert on the autonomy of literature and literary aesthetic quality in the era when literature, market and consumer culture tie the knot.