大型水体下顶水安全开采的可行性研究

Feasibility Study on Safe Mining under Large-scale Water Bodies

在大型水体下顶水采煤,一方面要确保煤矿井下安全生产,同时要保护地表水资源不被破坏。基于峰峰矿区小屯矿的地质采矿条件,在分析与评价上覆岩层结构的基础上,选取水体下11个计算特征点,探讨上覆岩层破坏高度、防水安全煤岩柱及安全煤岩柱最小富余尺寸,绘制各类等值线图。采用概率积分法,从下沉、倾斜、水平变形和裂缝深度等方面,研究分析顶水开采后水体底部所受的采动影响。结果表明,在特定的地质采矿条件下,各工作面开采以后,上覆岩层中导水裂隙带发育的最大标高与基岩顶部之间具有较厚的岩柱,导水裂隙带不会波及到地表水体,水体底部的地表移动变形较小,不会影响到矿井安全生产,在大型水体下顶水采煤是安全可行的。

Coal mining under water bodies must ensure both the safety of underground mining and the safety of water resources on the surface.Based on the analysis and evaluation on the structure of overburden rock,11 calculations characteristic points were selected.The fractured height in overburden strata,waterproof coal（rock） pillar,and its minimum required size were discussed,and all kinds of contour maps were drawn.Strata and surface movement and deformation were predicted.From subsidence,inclination,horizontal deformation and fracture depth,influence situations about movement and deformation caused by mining under water bodies were analyzed with probability integral method.The research results show that there is a thick overburden strata and soil between the maximal elevation of the fractured zone and the bottom of the water body,and the fractured zone will not touch the water body.Meanwhile,surface movement and deformation is less in the bottom of water body,it will not influence the safety of mining production,and mining in large-scale underwater bodies is safe and feasible.