炼油厂含硫污水预处理及综合利用

PRETREATMENT AND COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF SOUR WATER IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES

对３种原油采用不同加工过程的含硫污水组成以及几套含硫污水汽提装置的原料水和净化水组成进行了比较。介绍了空气氧化和蒸汽汽提等含硫污水预处理工艺的原理、流程和特点。对针对气相中硫化氢和氨的出路而开发的各种蒸汽汽提工艺，如回收硫化氢和氨的汽提工艺（包括单塔加压侧线抽出汽提工艺、双塔加压汽提工艺、ＣＬＬ氨回收工艺、美国钢铁公司氨回收工艺）、回收硫化氢而不回收氨的汽提工艺、硫化氢和氨都不回收的汽提工艺以及回收氨的精制工艺等作了详细分析，并提出了含硫污水中的氨是否回收的问题。最后指出减少催化裂化和油品加氢装置含硫污水量以及净化水综合利用应采取的措施。

Compositions of sour water from units processing three different crudes and compositions of feed water and purified water of several sour water strippers were compared. Principles, flow schemes, and characteristics of sour water pretreatment processes such as air oxidation and steam stripping etc. were introduced. Various steam stripping processes developed for the outlet of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in gas phase (including single column pressurized stripping process with side-draw, double column pressurized stripping process, the CLL ammonia recovery process and American Iron & Steel Co's ammonia recovery process), stripping process recovering hydrogen sulfide and no ammonia, stripping process recovering neither hydrogen sulfide nor ammonia and refining process recovering ammonia etc. were analyzed in detail. Finally, the problem whether recover the ammonia in sour water or not was proposed, together with the measure decreasing sour water amount from FCC unit and oil hydrotreating units, and the comprehensive utilization of purified water were put forward.