S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶在甲基循环中的代谢调节

The Metabolic Regulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the Methyl Circulation

S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶(Adohcyase)广泛存在生物体内,其功能主要是催化细胞S-腺苷高半胱氨酸(Adohcy)可逆水解生成腺苷(Ado)和高半胱氨酸(Hcy)。论文主要阐述了S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶在真核生物细胞中调节S-腺苷高半胱氨酸、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、腺苷、高半胱氨酸的代谢途径和S-腺苷高半胱氨酸、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺的代谢途径,以及酶在控制细胞中S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水平和调节甲基循环中的代谢作用和其应用研究近况。

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase（AdoHcyase） widespreads in various organisms.AdoHcyase catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine（AdoHcy） to adenosine（Ado） and homocysteine（Hcy）.AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine（AdoMet）-dependent biological transmethylations.AdoHcyase has the important regulating function of methyl circulation,and its activity is associated with the methylation of phospholipids,proteins,DNA,RNA,and other small intracellular molecules.The nucleotide duplication and protein synthesis of the virus or parasite are also dependent on the metabolic regulation of AdoHcyase in some cases of viral or parasitic infection.Recently,the studies focused on the catalyzing mechanism of AdoHcyase and the inhibiting mechanism of the inhibitor of AdoHcyase,those inhibitors showed multiple pharmacologic actions on anti-virus,anti-parasite,and anti-cancer.Here,we reviewed how the AdoHcyase regulates the pathway of intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine（AdoHcy）,S-adenosylmethionine（AdoMet）,adenosine and homocysteine metabolism,and the pathway of AdoHcy,AdoMet,phosphatidyl choline（PC）,phosphatidyl ethanolamine（PE）,and clarified how the AdoHcyase controls the level of AdoHcy to regulate the biological transmethylation.