新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline基因等位变异研究

Identification of the Allelic Variation of Puroindoline Alleles in Xinjiang Wheat Landraces

【目的】籽粒硬度是重要的小麦品质性状,了解新生疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度的变异类型和分布,为新疆小麦品质育种提供遗传信息。【方法】利用单籽粒硬度仪(SKCS)和PCR扩增、酶切及DNA测序技术,结合改良的Friabilin提取及电泳分析方法,对105份新疆小麦地方品种的籽粒硬度及Pina和Pinb等位基因进行研究。【结果】新疆小麦地方品种以硬质类型为主,平均硬度值为63.5。新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因共有9种突变型,分别是Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p、Pina-D1k(null)/null、Pina-D1l/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ac和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1p,其中Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a为新发现的突变型。新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因型以Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p为主导类型,共有62份,占59.1%;其Pina-D1k(null)/null和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab两种突变型与其地理来源和生态型密切相关,主要分布在南疆冬小麦中。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a(野生型)的硬度值显著低于突变型,Pina-D1k(null)/null的硬度值最高,但Pina-D1k(null)/null、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab的硬度值差异不显著。【结论】新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline等位变异和分布信息能为新疆小麦品质改良和引种提供理论依据。

[ Objective] Grain hardness is an important characteristics for processing quality in common wheat, and Puroindoline genes Pina and Pinb have been reported to be closely related with the grain hardness and end - use quality of wheat. The study of it can provide useful genetic information for seeds breeding. [ Method ] Altogether 105 Xinjiang wheat landraces were examined with Single Kernel Characterization System （SKCS）, specific primer PCR amplification and modified SDS- PAGE of Triton X - 114 extracted protein to investigate the distribution of grain hardness and its puroindoline alleles. [ Result] The results indicated that hard wheats were the most popular phenotype in Xinjiang wheat landrace. The percentages of hard wheat, soft wheat, and mixed wheat were 69.5 %, 5.7%, 24.8%, respectively. The average value of SKCS hardness index for Xinjiang wheat landraces is 63.5. The whole nine puroindoline alleles were revealed in the surveyed wheat. Pina - D1a/Pinb - Dip, Pina - D1k （null）/null,Pina- D1a/Pinb - D1ab, Pina- D1a/Pinb- D1a, Pina- D1a/Pinb - D1b、Pina- D1l/Pinb- D1a, Pina-D1r/Pinb- D1a, Pina- D1a/Pinb- D1ac and Pina- D1b/Pinb- Dip with detected numbers of 62, 13, 12, 13, 1, 1,1, 1, 1 were present in Xinjiang wheat puroindoline types. Among them, Pina- D1r/Pinb - D1a was a newly found genotype in hard wheat. And the percentages of Pina - D1a/Pinb - Dip with 59.1% were the highest in Xinjiang wheat landrace. The two types： Pina- D1k（null）/null and Pina- D1a/Pinb - D1ab have close relationship with their locations and ecotypes. They are mainly in winter wheat of southern Xinjiang. The hardness of Pina- D1a/Pinb- D1a （wild type） was obviously weaker than the mutants. Pina- D1k（null）/null has the highest hardness in the nine puroindoline alleles, but the difference between Pina- D lk （null）/null, Pina - D1a/ Pinb -D1p and Pina - D1a/Pinb - D1ab is not so great. [ Conclusion]The study of grain hardness and distribution of puroindoline genotypes provided useful theoretical basis for improving the wheat quality and breeding seeds.