Phosphorus Balance in the Main Crop Production Systems in Beijing Suburb——Case in Shunyi District

京郊主要作物生产系统磷素养分平衡评价——以顺义区为例(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to evaluate the phosphorus balances in the main crop production systems in Shunyi District of Beijing City.[Method] By using the nutrient budget method,the phosphorus balances in the main crop production systems（field crops,orchard and open-field vegetables） in Shunyi District of Beijing City were evaluated.Moreover,the main influence elements of phosphorus surplus in the farmland were analyzed.[Result] The positive phosphorus balances were found across all three crop production systems in the study period.The amount of phosphorus surplus [491.8 kg/（hm2·a）] in vegetables production system was significantly higher than that in field crops [82.7 kg/（hm2·a）] and orchard [129.5 kg/（hm2·a）] production systems（P0.05）.But the amount of phosphorus surplus between the latter two had no significant difference（P0.05）.Phosphorus surpluses in the production systems of field crops and vegetables respectively presented the extremely significant and positive relationship with the phosphorus input from chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer（r was respectively 0.987 7 and 0.970 1）.The phosphorus input from chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the orchard production system both presented the extremely significant and positive relationship with the phosphorus surplus in the farmland（r was respectively 0.836 3 and 0.625 2）.However,the phosphorus harvested by crops didn＇t significantly correlated to the phosphorus surplus in the farmland for all three crop production systems（P0.05）.[Conclusion] The risk of phosphorus pollution potential in all three crop production system of Shunyi Distirct was high,especially in the vegetable production system.The phosphorus surpluses in the production systems of field crops and vegetables were mainly from the inputs of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,respectively.However,the inputs of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer both significantly affected the phosphorus surplus in the orchard production system.

[目的]评价北京市顺义区主要作物生产系统的磷素养分平衡状况。[方法]采用农田养分平衡模型,针对北京市顺义区主要作物生产系统(大田作物、果园和露地蔬菜)的磷素养分平衡进行了评价,并分析了农田磷盈余的主要影响因素。[结果]3种作物生产系统内均出现农田磷盈余现象,蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量[491.8 kg/(hm2·a)]显著高于大田作物[82.7 kg/(hm2·a)]和果园[129.5 kg/(hm2·a)]生产系统农田磷盈余量(P<0.05),然而后两者之间农田磷盈余量无显著差异(P>0.05)。大田作物和蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量分别与化肥和有机肥磷输入量呈极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.987 7、0.970 1),果园生产系统化肥和有机肥磷输入量与农田磷盈余量均呈极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.836 3、0.625 2),但是各系统内作物收获磷养分量与农田磷盈余量不存在显著相关性(P>0.05)。[结论]顺义区蔬菜生产系统磷素污染潜力较大;大田作物和蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量分别主要来源于化肥和有机肥的投入,而化肥和有机肥的投入均显著影响果园生产系统农田磷盈余量。