山东省和甘肃省制药行业女工职业健康现状调查

Investigation of occupational health status of female workers in pharmaceutical industry of Shandong and Gansu provinces

目的了解制药行业女工的职业健康现状，分析其存在的主要职业健康问题，并提出保护其职业健康的对策。方法选择山东省和甘肃省19个制药企业的2816名女工进行职业健康现状问卷调查。结果73．1％的女工接触职业性危害因素，以有毒化学物质为主。制药行业女工的痛经发生率较高，达63．2％；有38．5％的女工患有生殖系统疾病，依次为：乳腺增生（44．1％）、宫颈糜烂（26．5％）、子宫附件炎（24．2％）；17．1％的女工在工作中曾遭遇意外伤害，工作中出现腰背痛者占34．7％，自觉听力减退者占29．7％；94．9％的女工希望得到职业健康或劳动防护方面的知识与技能培训。结论加强对女工职业卫生监管，改善女工作业环境和提高女工职业卫生相关知识水平是目前改善女工职业健康现状的有效手段。

Objective To investigate occupational health status of female workers in pharmaceutical industries and to propose the protective measures for the occupational health. Method A total of 2816 female workers from 19 pharmaceutical industries in Shandong and Gansu provinces were investigated by a questionnaire. Results 73.1% of female workers exposed to occupational hazards, mainly to toxic chemicals. 63.2% of them suffered from dysmenorrheal; 38.5% of them have reproductive system diseases, i.e. mammary gland hyperplasia （44.1%）, cervical erosion （26.5%）, uterine annex inflammation （24.2%）; 17.1% of them suffered from accidental work injuries; 34.7% of them complained about low back pain, and 29.7% of them perceived hearing loss. 94.9% of female workers hoped to get the occupational health and labor protection knowledge and skills. Conclusion Strengthening the supervision of labor protection for female workers, including technical measures occupational hazards control and health-related knowledge, and improving the occupational health status of female workers should be conducted.