甘肃省制药行业女工职业卫生现状分析

The status of occupational health of female migrant workers in traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine and bio-pharmaceutical industry in Gansu province

目的分析甘肃省制药行业中药、西药和生物制品企业女工职业卫生现状，为改善其职业健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法，选取甘肃省制药行业16家企业1801名女工进行面访式问卷调查。结果中药、西药和生物制品企业女工文化程度构成的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=205．98，P〈0．01），户籍类型构成的差异有统计学意义（χ^2=76．27，P〈0．01）；三类企业女工雇佣关系、女工从业情况和接触职业性危害因素情况的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；女工患皮肤病者在中药制品企业42人（4．46％），西药制品企业19人（2．53％），生物制品企业4人（3．70％）；中药制品企业患生殖系统疾病女工457人（48．57％），西药制品企业276人（36．70％），生物制品企业39人（36．11％）。结论西药和中药制品企业外来女工较多，文化程度较低，作业岗位从业环境较差；中药制品企业女工接触职业性危害因素对职业健康和生殖健康影响相对较大。

Objective To understand the status of occupational health of female migrant workers in different kinds of pharmaceutical industries in Gansu province and to provide the basis for improving occupational health condition. Methods One thousand eight hundreds and one female workers from 16 enterprises were selected by cluster sampling in Gansu province and investigated by interviewing and questionnaires. Results There were statistical significances of education level, status of residency registrations, employment relationship and occupational hazards among female workers in three types of enterprises （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. The morbidities of skin disease in female workers for three kinds of enterprises were 4.46%, 2.53% and 3.70%, respectively. The morbidities of reproductive system disease in female workers for three kinds of enterprises were 48.57%, 36.70% and 36.11%, respectively. Conclusion The levels of education and working conditions of female workers in the traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine plants are low. There are more severe occupational hazards in female workers of the traditional Chinese medicine plants.