园林绿化废弃物堆肥用作花卉栽培基质的效果评价

Effect evaluation of garden waste compost used as floriculture substrate

按栽培基质物料及物料配比不同设计基质配方,开展了大花马齿苋、矮牵牛、彩叶草3种草花栽培基质的研究。选择大花马齿苋、矮牵牛和彩叶草的生长指标和品质指标作为评价指标,采用熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价法综合评价不同基质对3种草花的影响效果。结果表明:(1)不同基质对3种草花株高、幅宽、根长、干质量、鲜质量和开花数的影响差异达极显著水平,对叶绿素含量和花青素含量的影响差异达显著水平;6种基质对大花马齿苋的综合影响效果评价指数排序为T2>T4>T3>T1>T5>CK,矮牵牛为T1>T4>T2>T3>T5>CK,彩叶草为T2>T4>T1>T3>T5>CK。(2)在花卉栽培基质中,园林绿化废弃物堆肥的添加比例以30%～50%为宜,在添加同比例堆肥的基质中添加珍珠岩对大花马齿苋、矮牵牛和彩叶草的综合影响作用变化不大;添加超过70%园林绿化废弃物堆肥的基质对花卉的生长和品质的影响效果出现降低趋势。总之,园林绿化废弃物堆肥用作花卉基质能改善花卉的生长状况和基质的通气性、保水性和养分供应能力。

An experiment was carried out to select the most suitable nursery substrate for Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei by the different substrate compositions which were formed according to different materials and different material ratios.Growth and quality indexes of Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei were selected as evaluating indicators,and entropy weight coefficient method was employed to worked out the evaluating indicator,then it was be employed in TOPSIS to determine the optimal value which was closest to the ideal solution.Comprehensive evaluation results show that the effects of different substrates on the plant height,breadth,root length,flower number,dry mass and fresh mass of Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei reached a highly significant level,and on the anthocyanidin content and the chlorophyll content of them reached a significant level.The comprehensive evaluation indices of six floriculture substrates impact effects on the plant height,breadth,root length,flower number,dry weight,fresh weight,anthocyanidin content and chlorophyll content of Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei were T2T4T3T1T5CK,T1T4T2T3T5CK,T2T4T1T3T5CK,respectively.Therefore,the additional proportion of garden waste compost added into the floriculture substrate should be 30% to 50%.The impact effect of T2 substrate which containing 50% garden waste compost and 50% soil and T4 substrate which containing 20% perlite,30% soil and the same amount of garden waste compost with T2 substrate on various indexes of Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei did not reach significant difference.When addition amount of garden waste compost added into the floriculture substrate were greater than 70%,the floriculture substrate impact effect on the plant height,breadth,root flower number,length,dry mass,fresh mass,anthocyanidin content and chlorophyll content of Purslane herb,Petunia hybrida and Coleus blumei descended.In short,the garden waste compost used as floriculture substrate can improve the ventilation,water-holding capacity and nutrient supply capacity of the substrate and the condition of flowers growth.