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刑事辩护率及其形成机制研究——以刑事一审为中心 被引量:29

Criminal Defense Rate and Its Formative Mechanism——Focusing on Criminal Cases of First Instance
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摘要 刑事辩护率及其构成形态是反映特定国家或地区辩护权现代化程度的一个基本标志。以D县为例的考察发现,刑事审判中,自行辩护率很高,而律师辩护率相当低;律师辩护率中,委托辩护率略高于指定辩护率。更进一步,文化程度、籍贯、身份等个人因素,以及案件类型、指控严重性等都会不同程度地影响到辩护率构成。从辩护率形成机制看,被告人的需求程度不高很可能是导致律师辩护率低下的根由,而抑制这一需要的外部因素主要包括被告人经济贫困、案件事实清楚、案情较轻等;纯粹从指定辩护角度看,指定辩护范围过窄、法律援助权利的保障不充分很可能是导致指定辩护率不高的重要因素。进一步提高律师辩护率,降低自我辩护的比例,提高审判程序的对抗性和公正性,是我国刑事程序改革的一个基本向度。为此,近期可建立一种过渡性的法律援助模式,为经济贫困,但却迫切需要辩护的被告人群体提供法律援助,即"有限的普遍性援助"。 Criminal defense rate and its formation basically reflect how modernized the right to defense is in a specific country or region.An investigation conducted in D County shows that self-defense rate in criminal trials is high while lawyer's defense rate is very low.As regards lawyer's defense,entrusted defense rate is slightly higher than that of appointed defense.It is also found that such factors as the educational level,the native place,the status of the parties involved,and other elements like the types of cases,the seriousness of the accusation,etc.all affect the constitution of defense rate in different degrees.The author argues that low demand of defendants underlies the low lawyer's defense rate.And other external factors include the poverty of the defendant,clear facts of the case,and the nature of offence being light,etc.Meanwhile,too narrow scope of appointed defense and insufficient protection of right to legal aid are probably important factors accounting for low appointed defense rate.The author points out that a basic direction of criminal procedure reform in China is to increase lawyer's defense rate,to soften the adversarial nature of trial procedure and to improve fairness in the process.Therefore,a transitional legal aid model called "the limited universal aid"can be established in current situation so as to provide legal aid to defendants who are poor but urgently need help.
作者 马静华
机构地区 四川大学法学院
出处 《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第6期124-133,共10页 Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金 司法部2008年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目"刑事一审程序中辩护律师作用之实证研究"(08SFB3018)最终成果之一
关键词 刑事辩护率 委托辩护 指定辩护 自我辩护 criminal defense rate entrusted defense appointed defense self-defense
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