尽快改革天然气各类用户价格和DES/CCHP发电上网价格机制

To accelerate the reform on the classified gas pricing system for different types of downstream gas users and the pricing system for DES/CCHP projects based on electricity grids and peak demand response

2011年12月26日,国家发展和改革委员会宣布:将现行以计划经济的"成本加成"为主的天然气定价方法改为"市场净回值"定价方法,并在广东、广西两省区进行试点。为此,阐述了此举的重大意义,认为这是中国天然气定价机制改革的重大突破,为促进中国天然气产业快速发展开启了大门。然后提出,为使中国"十二五"天然气下游市场与上游供应同步拓展,需要尽快改革天然气各类用户价格和天然气分布式冷热电联供(DES/CCHP)发电上网价格机制:①按照成本核算原则、资源利用效率原则、替代物的价格决定承受能力原则和市场开拓导向原则界定各类天然气下游市场用户的气价;②百兆瓦级DES/CCHP调峰机组峰段或平段上网电价应参照占全国总电量75%的大工业峰段用电价格和平段用电价格来制订,办法是确定一个协调电网与发电企业利益的关键参数(α),α由电监局和物价局测算定出,并根据经济条件的变化而调整(α<0.10元/kWh)。还提出了以下建议:①尽快颁布《天然气下游市场管理和税收规范》,明确城市燃气特许经营的范围只包括民用、商用和小型工业用燃气,按照不同下游用户的供气成本、承受能力和市场拓展要求制订不同的税率;②给DES/CCHP和民用燃气免税。

On December 26,2011,National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC) announced that the present cost-plus gas pricing system will be replaced by the netback pricing and both Guangdong and Guangxi will be chosen for regional trials.Therefore,this paper first states the significance of this reform and points out that this is not only a great breakthrough in the improvement of gas pricing system but a good start to spur rapid development of natural gas industry in China.In order to keep in line with the upstream gas supply in the national twelfth Five-Year Plan,the downstream gas market needs reforms urgently,especially reforms on the classified gas pricing for different types of gas users and the pricing system based on electricity grids and peak demand response.First,such principles should be followed as cost accounting,resources utilization efficiency,bearing capability decided by the substitute price,and market development as the orientation.Second,the grid-based electricity price of million megawatt DES/CCHP cycling unit should take reference to the method of peak and off-peak pricing on heavy industries,which accounts for 75% of the total electricity consumption all over China.That is,a key parameter of α to balance the benefit between electricity grid and generators is determined by both the Electricity Regulatory Bureau and the Bureau of Commodity Price and is adjusted,according to the change of economic conditions,to be better less than 0.10 Yuan RBM per kWh.In the end,this paper also presents some proposals as follows:(1) The Management and Taxation Regulations of Natural Gas Downstream Market should be promulgated as soon as possible and the business scope of urban gas operators should be restricted within the range of domestic,commercial or small-scale industrial uses,and tariff rates should be classified by different types of downstream gas users from the perspectives of gas supply cost,price bearing capability,and market development need.(2) Tax-free should be permitted for domestic use and the DES/CCHP projects.