松嫩平原作物生长季气候和作物生育期的时空变化特征

Temporal and Spatial Changes Characteristics of the Agricultural Meteorological Factors and Crops Growth Stages in Songnen Plain

基于松嫩平原及其周边地区131个气象站点1951-2008年的观测数据和133个农业气象站1992-2010年主要旱作物(春玉米、大豆和春小麦)的生育期记录数据,分析了松嫩平原主要气候要素和主要旱作物各生育期的时空变化特征。结果表明,松嫩平原近60a气候变化十分明显,气温平均升高了1.79℃,年≥10℃积温平均增加了228℃.d,积温线明显北移,2700、2800、2900℃.d线向北位移了100～240km;松嫩平原的降水量减少、相对湿度降低,且西部地区较东部变化更加明显;日照时数呈南减北增的变化趋势。松嫩平原气候变化对不同旱作物的生育期产生了不同程度的影响,大豆生育期推迟相对较为明显,其次是春玉米,春小麦的生育期变化最小。松嫩平原西部和南部地区的作物生育期距平的变化较其它地区更明显。

Based on the climatic data from 1951 to 2008 and the crops growth stages record data from 1992 to 2010 in Songnen plain and its surrounding areas,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the key climatic factors and main crops growth stages were studied.The results showed that the climate changes in Songnen plain for nearly 60 years was very obvious,the temperature increased on average about 1.79 ℃,the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ increased on average about 228 ℃·d and the lines of 2700,2800 and 2900 ℃·d moved to north about 100～240 km,the precipitation and relative humidity both decreased and these two factors in western Songnen plain varied significantly than that in the eastern area,the sunshine hours increased in the north area and decreased in the south.Overall,the climate changes made different influences on these major dryland crops,then the soybean＇s growth stages delayed obviously,and the second was spring corn,the spring wheat＇s growth stages delayed the least in the southern and western Songnen plain.