澳门特别行政区土地法中的长期租借制度——以dominium directum和dominium utile的区分为视角

On the Aforamento System in the Land Law of Macao——from the perspective of Distinction between Dominium Directum and Dominium Utile

澳门特别行政区土地法长期租借制度建立在两大理论基础之上:其一为传承自罗马法的永佃权概念在葡萄牙法语境下的变异;其二为中世纪注释学派关于dominium directum与dominium utile的区分。在弄清渊源的问题后,发现dominiumd irectum与dominium utile的区分与现代葡萄牙和澳门特别行政区民法所接受的物权概念是不相容的。当物权概念被采纳为民法典制度建设的基石后,土地法的长期租借制度即成了无根之树。

The Aforamento system in the Land Law of Macao is based on two basic theories：one is the concept of emphyteusis originated in Roman laws and has been transformed in the context of Portugal laws;the other is distinction between dominium directum and dominium utile by school of Glossators.However upon legal sources research,this paper finds that the distinction between dominium directum and dominium utile is incompatible with the real rights concept in Portugal modern laws and civil laws of Macao.Further,since the real rights concept has been adopted as cornerstone of civil code,there is no room for development of Aforamento system in the Land Law.