耕作方式对麦红吸浆虫种群动态的影响

Impacts of different tillage practices on population dynamics of the orange wheat blossom midge,Sitodiplosis mosellana(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)

为了解不同耕作方式对麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana(Géhin)种群动态的影响,2010年和2011年,在中国科学院河北省栾城农业生态系统试验站不同耕作方式的小麦样地中,通过淘土、成虫网捕和剥穗等方法对麦红吸浆虫进行了调查研究。结果表明:两年取土筛检出的幼虫数量依次为秸秆还田免耕田>秸秆站立免耕田>秸秆还田旋耕田,但2011年网捕调查显示,秸秆还田旋耕田中的成虫数量高于另外两种样地。两年剥穗检查出的幼虫数量的排序与取土筛检出的幼虫数量的排序相反,依次为秸秆还田旋耕田>秸秆站立免耕田>秸秆还田免耕田。分析表明免耕有利于幼虫的越冬,但免耕田麦穗受害较轻。旋耕对幼虫越冬不利,但抽穗后受害较严重。在耕种方式是旋耕的情况下,漫灌可加重吸浆虫的危害。研究结果有助于进一步了解大范围耕作方式的变迁对麦红吸浆虫发生的影响。

In order to investigate the possible impacts of different tillage practices on occurrence of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana （Gehin）, surveys of wheat midges including removing the larvae from soils, net-trapping and stripping glumes of ears were arranged in wheat field transects with different tillage practices at Luancheng Agro-ecosystem Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Hebei Province in 2010 and 2011. The results showed that the average amount of larvae in transects with different tillage practices was in the following sequence： straw mulch and no-tillage （SMNT） 〉 straw standing and no-tillage （SSNT） 〉 straw mulch and rotary tillage （SRRT） in 2010 and 2011 ; the average amount of larvae per 100 tillers by stripping glumes, however, was in the reverse sequence： SRRT 〉 SSNT 〉 SMNT. In 2011, catches of net-trap in SRRT was the highest among three transects. Analysis showed that fields with no-tillage practices would be beneficial to larval over- wintering, but wheat paddy with this tillage practice would get less damage in wheat ears. Fields with rotary tillage practice would be harmful to larval over-wintering, but wheat paddy with this tillage practice would get much more damages in wheat ears. For the fields with rotary tillage practice, flood irrigation could cause more serious occurrence of wheat midges. The results may help realize the influences of tillage practices on occurrence of the orange wheat blossom midge with the transition of tillage practices in large scale.