Changing Rules of Physical and Chemical Properties of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. Forest at Different Ages in Southwest Yunnan Province

滇西南不同林龄桉树林土壤理化性质的变化规律分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim was to study on changing rules of physical and chemical properties of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. forest at different ages in Southwest of Yunnan Province. [Method] In the research, field survey and laboratory analysis were adopted to study on physical and chemical properties of soils for the Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. at the first cutting ages in Lancang County. [Result] With the increasing of forest ages, for physical properties of soils, soil bulk density was increasing, and soil structure became poor; water contents in soils and capillary porosity were improving, but total soil porosity and non-capillary porosity were decreasing. For chemical properties, pH of soil dropped, but soil acidity improved; organic matter, total N, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium all declined; exchangeable Ca and Mg were improving due to fertilization and Ca and Mg lower consumption. The results showed that plays important roles in water absorption of soils and vegetation growth were improved with age increase by Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. forest, but ventilation and fertility declined accordingly. [Conclusion] The research indicated that dry branches and fallen leaves should be preserved and nutrient cycling should be protected during introduction and management of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. to guarantee the nutrients in dry branches and leaves are back to soils, providing theoretical references for management of forest plantation and environment protection.

[目的]揭示尾叶桉类林土壤理化性质随树龄的变化规律。[方法]采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以尾叶桉类林引种区澜沧县为例,对第一轮伐期内两个林龄阶段的土壤理化性质进行测定和分析。[结果]在土壤物理性质方面,随着林龄的增长,土壤容重呈上升趋势,土壤结构变差;土壤自然含水量上升,土壤总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度下降,毛管孔隙度上升。对土壤化学性质的研究结果表明,土壤 pH 值略降低,土壤酸性增强;土壤有机质和全氮、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著下降;由于种植前期施肥的影响及尾叶桉类林对钙镁的消耗小,土壤交换性镁和交换性钙含量呈上升趋势。上述结果显示随着种植林龄的增加,尾叶桉人工林可以增强土壤吸水持水能力,促进植被的生长,但土壤通气透水能力下降,土壤肥力下降,土壤酸性增强。[结论]该研究结果表明在尾叶桉引种与管理中,要尽可能地保存林地枯枝落叶,维持桉树人工林养分的正常循环,使枯落物养分返还土壤。这为桉树人工林经营管理、减少环境负面效应等提供了理论依据。