福建东南沿海假臭草对杂草群落及其生物多样性的影响

Effects of Eupatorium Catatium on Weeds Community and Biodiversity of Fujian south-east Costal Region

调查福建东南沿海有假臭草分布的不同生境下杂草的种类和分布情况,应用物种丰富度指数(S)、Simpson指数(Ds)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分析假臭草入侵群落的物种多样性以及23种主要杂草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠,探讨假臭草对杂草群落组成及其物种多样性的影响。结果表明:福建东南沿海有假臭草分布的样点共有杂草58种,隶属22个科,其中外来杂草20种,杂草中以菊科最多(16种),有菊科外来杂草9种;群落中假臭草的生态位宽度最大,说明假臭草对环境的适应能力较强,很容易与其他物种发生竞争;龙葵和铁苋菜的生态位重叠值最大,其次是假臭草与小飞蓬。

Weeds species and distribution were investigated by sampling method in different habitats of the coastal region in the south-east of the Fujian province,where Eupatorium catatium has existed.Species diversity of the weeds community including E.catatium,niche breath and niche overlap of 23 main kinds of weeds was analyzed by applying the species richness index（S）,Simpson′s Index（Ds）,Shannon-Wiener Index（H′）and Pielou evenness indice（J）.Meanwhile,effects of E.catatium on weeds community composition and species diversity were also investigated.Results suggested that fifty-eight weed species belonged to twenty-two families exist with E.catatium and twenty of which were alien.Furthermore,sixteen of twenty belonged to the asteraceae family and nine of which were alien.E.catatium had stronger ability to adapt to the environment and more competitive for it had broader niche breadth than the other species of weeds in the community.Results also indicated that Solanum nigrum and Acalypha australis shared the largest niche overlap,and E.catatium and Conyza canadensis were followed.