离褶伞属分类学研究概况

Taxonomic Summarization on the Genus Lyophyllum

离褶伞属真菌担子具有嗜铁盐颗粒和孢子嗜蓝反应等特征,其属下分为3个组,即Difformia、Lyophyllum和Tephrophana。通过概述离褶伞属真菌的国内外分类研究概况,发现该属真菌下的3个组及组下种的分类地位时有变动,不稳定,具有人为性;离褶伞属真菌不是单系群;该属的分类特征不具有专一性,缺乏更趋于自然的分类系统。从目前的研究进展来看,加强形态学基础研究,与分子标记结合,应用联合分析的方法将是解决该属分类中存在问题的有效途径,也将是完善和建立更趋于自然的离褶伞属分类系统的有效方法。

LyophyUum was characterized by siderophilous basidia and spore becoming blue in cotton blue solution, which was divided into three divided three sections （Lyophyllum, Difformia and Tephrophana） by Singer in 1986 based on color variations of gills bruised and habitat. Most species of the genus Lyophyllum were very important delicious edible and medicinal fungi, for example, L. decastes and L. semitale had anti-cancer effect. In this paper, some taxonomic questions of the genus Lyophyllum were studied. The characters of classification, including siderophilous granulation in the basidia and spores becoming blue in cotton blue solution, were not unique. A few of species that their specific taxonomic position was remainly not clear, furthermore, phenomenon of synonym and homonym was presented commonly. The Lyophyllum was not monophyletic group. Finally, we put forward a natural taxonomic system need be continually studied and generated using a conjoint methods of morphological and molecular.