棉秆单根皮部纤维的形态及性能研究

Morphology and properties of bast fiber of single cotton stalk

为在不同领域更好地利用棉秆皮部纤维,采用纤维长度分析仪、纤维拉伸仪、激光共聚焦显微镜、X射线衍射仪对棉秆单根皮部纤维进行纤维形态、力学强度、横截面积和结晶度的研究。结果表明:棉秆单根皮部纤维的平均长度为(1484.43±753.78)μm,宽度为(18.90±6.61)μm,长宽比为65.75。棉秆单根皮部纤维实心或中空非常小,呈菱形或圆形。棉秆单根皮部纤维的应力--应变曲线线性度非常好,未见明显的屈服阶段。棉秆单根皮部纤维的弹性模量为13.66MPa,断裂伸长率为6.32%,柔韧性很好。棉秆单根皮部纤维的结晶度为21.66%,具有较大的吸湿性和化学吸附能力。

In order to utilize cotton fiber in different industry areas, cotton fiber properties were investigated by using fiber length analyzer, fiber tensile tester, laser confocal microscope and X-ray diffraction, including fiber morphology, mechanical strength, cross-sectional area and the crystallinity of single fiber of cotton stalk bast. The results showed that the average length of cotton stalk bast fiber was（1 484.43±753.78）μm and its average width was（18.90±6.61）μm respectively, with aspect ratio was 65.75. It was solid mostly or extremely little hollow, with which was the shape of diamond or circle. The stress-strain curve was highly linear with no obvious yield stage. The elastic modulus of single bast was 13.66 MPa, while the elongation at break and the flexibility of it was 6.32%. The crystallinity of cotton stalk was 21.66%,which indicates that it is easier for the fiber of cotton in absorbing water and other chemicals.