论全纳教育的普遍主义困境

On Dilemma of Universalism in Inclusive Education

自1994年西班牙萨拉曼卡世界特殊教育需要大会上提出全纳教育理念,至今已近20年,但由于全纳教育兴起的社会文化背景以及特殊教育去标签化催动,全纳教育自诞生之日起便具有难以抹去的普遍主义情结,而此种普遍主义面临着三个困境:对普遍主义价值的质疑、外延过于宽泛、理论和实践相分离。这样的困境也反映在了我国的全纳教育研究和实践之中。

In 1994,the World Conference on Special Needs Education was held in Salamanca,Spanish, as a result, the concept of Inclusive Education was proposed on this conference. Because of its social-cultural context and de-labeling of special education needs,inclusive education has its feature of universalism that can＇t avoid itself since it was put forward. However,universalism in inclusive education also has dilemma as follows： questioning to its universal value, too broaden extension and the separation of theory and practice. This dilemma is also reflected in Chinese inclusive education studies and practicess.