新生儿筛查足底采血穿刺法及护理

Puncture method and nursing of screening plantar blood for neonatal

目的根据新生儿疾病筛查需要,对出生后72h的新生儿进行足底穿刺采血,并在哺足6次母乳后进行。方法将553例新生儿分为直刺法组163例和斜刺法组390例,分别用两种不同的穿刺法穿刺采血,标本要求收集3个血斑,每个血斑要一次吸透。结果直刺法穿刺成功率为83.4%,血片合格率为96.3%。斜刺法穿刺成功率为95.4%,血片合格率为99.7%。两组比较,穿刺成功率及血片标本合格率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。直刺法导致6例足底皮肤损伤,斜刺法无一例足底局部损伤。结论经过长期的穿刺采血总结对比,在采血过程中对一些存在的问题采取相应的护理对策,可明显减少足底采血局部不良反应的发生,提高穿刺成功率,减轻新生儿的痛苦,提高护理满意度。

Objective To puncture blood in plantar for newborns about 72 hours after the birth in the time of the feed enough breast milk after six times, by the requiration of the screening examination of diseases of newborn babies. Methods Five hundred and fifty-three newborns were divided into stab method group 163 cases and oblique thorn method 390 cases, were given two different puncture blood puncture methods, respectively. Three purpura of samples were required to collect with each of one blood suck. Results The puncture success rate of stab method group was 83.4%, the blood and percent of pass was 96.3%. The puncture success rate of oblique thorn method group was 95.4%, the blood and percent of pass was 99.7%. Comparison of both puncture success rate and the blood specimen qualified rate had significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Stab method leaded to 6 cases foot skin damaged, no foot local damage occurred in oblique thorn method. Conclusion Through long-term puncture blood summary comparison. Adopting the corresponding nursing countermeasures for some of the problems existing in the process of blood collec- tion, ean obviously reduce plantar blood local reactions,＇ improve puncture success rate, reduce the neonatal pain, and improve nursing satisfaction.