清代北京酒楼的空间分布特征

The Space Distribution Characteristics of Restaurants in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty

明清时期是北京古代休闲文化发展的鼎盛时期。城区和近郊是北京酒楼主要的分布区,以外城西区为最。其他三城区的数量相差不大,比起戏园、茶馆在全城的分布而言要显得略为平衡一些。北京酒楼主要分布于重要市场区、办公区内以及住宅区边缘的重要交通线上。它们一般布点在全城性或区域性的中心市场内以满足大量顾客的饮食需求;或为特定的人群在特定的区域而设立;或在城区的骨干交通线上沿人流量大的市场有间隔的布点。酒楼的分布明显体现了靠近消费人群的市场经济的特点。

The Ming and Qing Dynasty are the heyday of ancient leisure culture development in Beijing. The urban area and the suburb are the main distribution area of restaurants in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty, and the western area of the outer city is the most important area. The amount of restaurants in other three urban areas is proximity. This displayed a relative balance, compared with the distribution of theater, tea house in the whole city. The restaurants in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty preferred mostly the important market areas, office areas and the important transportation lines beside the residential area. They are generally stationing in the city or regional market centers to meet the needs of dietary needs of many customers; They were also set up in a particular area for specific groups of people. On main traffic lines, they also spaced layout along large markets. Restaurant distribution significantly reflected the characteristics of the market economy and the intention to keep close to the consumer groups.