联合分析法在测量大学生对残疾人态度中的应用

The Application of Conjoint Analysis on the Measurement of College Students' Attitudes towards People with Disabilities

目的了解影响大学生对残疾人态度的因素及其对不同残疾类型残疾人的偏爱顺序,检验联合分析法作为测量残疾人态度间接方法的有效性。方法通过联合分析法发展出的31张卡片调查沈阳两所大学的92名大学生(男47名,女45名),假设被试作为志愿者服务于社区的情境,按照个人对残疾人喜爱程度对卡片进行排序。结果①观测偏好和估计偏好之间的相关系数Kendall's tau=0.847,P<0.0001,这表明本研究在模型和数据之间有很好的匹配度;②大学生对残疾人态度的主要影响因素排序在前3名的相对重要值分别是:残疾类型(40.505)、残疾程度(18.416)、年龄(16.439),相对于非残疾相关因素(年龄和教育程度),与残疾相关的因素(残疾类型、残疾程度)更显著地影响大学生对残疾人的偏爱程度(t=3.131,P<0.001);③大学生在不同的因素水平上有不同的偏爱顺序,在残疾类型上的成分效用值排序分别是:癌症(1.657)、视力残疾(0.767)、截瘫(0.591)、学习障碍(-0.248)、精神分裂(-2.767)。结论影响大学生对残疾人态度偏好的主要因素是残疾类型、残疾程度、年龄;在残疾类型上,大学生的偏爱等级是沿着身体残疾向精神残疾连续体的方向;联合分析法是一个高效易行的测量对残疾人态度的方法。

Objective To found factors that influence Chinese students＇ attitudes toward people with disabilities and the preference order of disabled persons,and verify conjoint analysis canbe used to measure attitudes towards people with disabilities.Methods The method of conjoint analysis was used to develop an instrument for measuring attitude-a card set consisting of 31 cards.92 college students（47 male,45 female）were asked to sort this card set based on their personal preferences as an volunteer to serve for people with disabilities in a hypothetical community life program.Results ① The correlation Kendall＇s tau between observed and estimated preferences was 0.847,which indicated a very good fit between the model and the data;② The first three relative importance scores for disability-related attributes within the six attributes were disability type（40.505）,severity of disability（18.416）,age（16.439）;Preference formation was significantly affected by disability-related variables（disability type,severity of disability）.③There were different preference determination for different attribute level,the order of part-worth score on disability type was cancer（1.657）,visual impairment（0.767）,paraplegia（0.591）,learning disorder（-0.24）,schizophrenia（-2.767）.Conclusion Disability types,severity of disability and age are the primary factors to influence college students＇ attitudes towards the disability,on disability type,college students exhibit a hierarchy of preferences along the physical-mental disabilities continuum,and conjoint analysis is an effective and practicable indirect method to measure the attitudes towards disability.