煤矿区居民的环境满意度及影响因素分析

Local People’s Environmental Satisfaction Degree and Its Influence Factors in Coal Mining Area

陕西省铜川煤矿区资源丰富，交通便利．但环境问题突出。通过问卷调查，利用秩和检验及有序logistic方法，探讨了影响环境满意度的因素。结果表明：（1）居民对环境满意度介于“不满意”和“一般”之间。环境感知方面，以水污染最为严重，其余依次是环境卫生问题、塌陷、大气污染、噪音和地裂缝。（2）年龄．职业和距离采矿区的距离这3个属性特征分组间的环境满意度感知均有显著差异。（3）对居民环境满意度影响最大的因素不是自然环境，而是健康担心程度、政府对环保工作重视程度．每年得病次数、居民环保意识、环境卫生和大气污染。指出提高居民的环境意识和政府对环保工作的重视程度有利于提高煤矿区居民的环境满意度。

Wangshiwa Coal Mine is one of important mines of Tongchuan Mining Bureau in Shaanxi Province with abundant resources, convenient transport, but serious and typical environmental problems. The influence factors of environmental satisfaction were analysed through rank sum test and logistic regression model. The results were as follows： （1）. Most residents＇ environmental satisfaction was between ＂unsatisfactory＂ and ＂neutral＂. Of the environmental problems, water pollution was thought to be the most serious one, followed by sanitation, subsidence, air pollution, noise disturbance and ground fissures. （2）. Non-parametric statistical analysis on environmental satisfaction among different groups divided by gender, age, educational level, time-length of residence, proximity to mine and occupation has indicated that there were significant differences among the groups of age, occupation and proximity to mine. （3）. In respect to the influence factors of environmental satisfaction, the natural environment was not the biggest one, but the health worry degree, government attention to environment protection, times of falling ill per year, residents＇ environmental awareness, sanitation and air pollution instead. The results could provide a reference for environmental policy making and management in mining area.