守成与思变视域下的徽州武术文化论绎——儒家文化的视角

Preserving and Changing in Huizhou Wushu Culture: the Interpretation of Confucian Perspective

徽州并未因偏离中原而致其文化"远儒"走向保守蛮野,相反,徽州人在适应与改造其生存环境的过程中形成的守成与思变并存的人文性格,赋予其文化鲜明的"亲儒"特征,徽州武术文化亦如此。从固守道统、儒而收族,通达思变、儒贾不悖,开放兼容、儒武相谐三方面展开研究。结果显示:服务于内部管理需要,在儒家伦理导向下营构了尤为强固的宗族社会,武术在满足宗族竞胜、自保与自为的过程中积蕴;儒家文化在徽州的变通造就了亦儒亦贾的徽州商帮,外部生存空间的拓展对武力的需求丰富了徽州武术文化体系,而徽商对徽戏的推崇延展了徽州武术的传播路径;收族与营商以入仕为终极关怀,而围绕这些价值的实现过程又塑造了文武并重的徽州武术文化景观。剖析徽州武术文化形成的内在理路及其异于他域武术文化的性格特征。

Huizhou is not characteristic of being conservative and barbarian because of the deviation from the Confucian culture of central plans, rather, it features its culture with the color of Confucianism with preserving and changing as its humanistic thoughts in the process of the adaptation to existence environment, so does Huizhou Wushu culture. The study develops from 3 aspects, that is, Confucianism and clan-centered tradition, changing of the Hui merchants with Confucianism, and opening-up with the coordination of Confucianism and Wushu. The findings indicate that for the purpose of inner management, strong clan society was established with the guidance of Confucian ethics, Wushu playing the part in the winning of clan competitions, self- prevention and self-doing. Confucian culture helped to produce Huizhou merchants with Confucianism in the process of changing. The external expansion of living space enriched the Huizhou Wushu culture system, and the praise from Hui merchants to Hui Opera spread Huizhou Wushu. People from the same clan were united and trades were dealt with for the purpose of engaging in politics as its ultimate goal. In the realization of the values above, Huizhou Wushu culture attached equal importance to civil and military part. The study thus explored the inner logic of the formation of Huizhou Wushu culture which is different from other areas.