技术创新对竞争优势的影响轨迹呈倒U型曲线吗——基于中药上市公司申请专利数据的经验研究

Does the Effect of Technological Innovation on Competitive Advantage Present an Inverted U Curve-Empirical Evidences from Patent Application Data of Chinese Medicine Listed Companies

技术创新是提高企业竞争优势的最主要源泉。运用30个中药上市公司2007—2012年的面板数据,选取过去三年累计专利申请数据作为技术创新的替代指标研究技术创新与竞争优势的关系。结果显示,技术创新数量对竞争优势具有显著的促进作用,而且这种促进作用呈现倒U型关系。技术创新类型,即专利的三种类型对竞争优势的作用不一致,表征科技含量的发明专利和表征市场导向的外观设计专利均具有正向作用,并具有倒U型特点,且市场导向性的技术创新更能提高企业竞争优势,实用新型专利对竞争优势呈负相关关系。

Technological Innovation is the most important source to improve the competitive advantage of enterprise. Based on the panel data of thirty Chinese medicine listed companies during 2007 -2012, the paper analyzes the relationship between technologi- cal innovation and competitive advantage by using patent application data as alternative indicators for measuring technological innovation. It is found that enterprise with high quantity level of technological innovation can significantly increase competi- tive advantage. Furthermore, the improving effect appears as ＂inverted U - curve＂ relationship. The types of technological innovation such as three kinds of patent have different effect on competitive advantage. Both Invention patent and design pa- tent have significantly positive effect on competitive advantage, appearing as ＂inverted U - curve＂, the former indicating technology content of technological innovation and the latter indicating market orientation. Moreover, technological innovation with strong market orientation can improve competitiveness better than that with high content of technology. Utility patent has negative effect on competitive advantage.