Species and Diversity Analysis of Flower-visiting Insects of Asian Sacred Lotus in Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei Provinces

赣湘鄂三省荷花访花昆虫种类及群落多样性分析(英文)

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the community structure, species and quantities of flower-visiting insects of seed lotus in main producing ar-eas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. [Method] Using sample area survey and netting method in the fixed points to investigate species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus, the species diversity of different locations was evaluated by diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C）. [Result] Apis mel ifera, Apis cerana cerana, Xylocopa （Koptortosoma） sinensis, Xylocopa （s.str.） valga and Xylocopa （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata, al of which belong to order Hy-menoptera were the main pol inators of lotus. Temperature was the main factor which influenced the foraging behaviors of flower-visiting insects. The daily activities of X. （s.str.） valga and X. （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata were bimodal, and that of A. mel-lifera, A. cerana cerana and X. （s.str.） valga were unimodal. The percentage of wild pol inators in Linxiang of Hunan Province and Xianning of Hubei Province were only 20.59% and 3.90% respectively, and there were six species of flower-visiting insects in Linxiang and three in Xianning. The percentages of wild pol inators in Shicheng of Jiangxi Province and the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University were 55.61% and 90.40% respectively, and the flower-visiting insects belonged to 13 and 12 species respectively. The diversity index （H′） and evenness index （J） were listed here in a decreasing order： Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆gt;lotus garden in Huazhong Agricul-tural University＆gt;Linxiang of Hunan ＆gt;Xianning of Hubei. The sequence of dominant concentration indices （C） was Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆lt;the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University＆lt;Linxiang of Hunan＆lt;Xianning of Hubei. The diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C） of each sample location were consistent. [Conclusion] The species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus vary in different ecological areas. The species and quantities of Linxiang in Hunan Province and Xianning in Hubei Province are rare. The increase of lotus production must depend on bee pol ination.

[目的]旨在探明赣湘鄂三省主产区籽莲访花昆虫种类、数量以及访花昆虫群落结构。[方法]采用样地调查法及定点网捕法先后在江西省石城县、湖南省临湘市、湖北省咸宁市、华中农业大学荷花园调查荷花访花昆虫种类和数量,并采用多样性指数(H′),均匀度指数(J)和优势集中性指数(C)进行多样性分析。[结果]①荷花主要传粉昆虫为膜翅目昆虫,西方蜜蜂,中华蜜蜂、中华木蜂、紫木蜂和黄胸木蜂;②温度是影响荷花访花昆虫采集活动的主要因素;③荷花主要传粉昆虫的日活动规律为单峰型和双峰型,黄胸木蜂和中华木蜂呈现双峰型,西方蜜蜂、中华蜜蜂和紫木峰呈现单峰型;④湖南临湘和湖北咸宁调查地野生传粉昆虫比例仅为20.59%,3.90%,访花昆虫种类分别为6种和3种;江西石城和华中农业大学野生传粉昆虫比例为55.61%,90.40%,访花昆虫种类为13种和12种;⑤各样点荷花访花昆虫群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数特征值为江西石城县>华中农大荷花园>湖南临湘>湖北咸宁,优势集中性指数的特征值比较为江西石城县<华中农大荷花园<湖南临湘<湖北咸宁,各调查点的多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数表现一致。[结论]不同生态区域荷花访花昆虫种类和数量不同,湖南临湘和湖北咸宁野生传粉昆虫数量稀少,荷花增产丰收必须依靠蜜蜂授粉。