广州地区5岁以内儿童病毒性腹泻病原及流行病学特点

Etiological and epidemic characterization of viral diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市病毒性腹泻的感染情况和流行病学特征。方法收集广州市某哨点医院2011年6月至2013年5月就诊的5岁以内腹泻患儿的粪便标本共709份,采用胶体金法检测A组轮状病毒,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法检测粪便标本中的诺如病毒、札如病毒和星状病毒,聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测腺病毒。结果 5种常见腹泻病毒的检出率分别为21.6%、10.9%、1.3%、3.8%和7.8%。轮状病毒、诺如病毒和腺病毒全年各月均可检出;轮状病毒感染有明显的季节特征,秋冬季为发病高峰;诺如病毒感染则无特殊的季节特征。2岁以内儿童5种腹泻病毒感染率分别占87.3%、88.7%、98.7%、85.0%和98.7%。结论轮状病毒和诺如病毒是广州地区婴幼儿病毒腹泻的主要病原,2岁以下患儿是病毒性腹泻的高发人群,应加强婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的监测。

Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiology of viral diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years in Guangzhou City,from 2011 to 2013. Methods Between June 2011 and May 2013,a total of 709 stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 years with acute diarrhea. ELISA,RT-PCR,and PCR were used to detect viruses commonly causing diarrhea. Results The detection rates of Group A rotavirus,norovirus,sapovirus,astrovirus, and adenovirus were 21. 6%,10. 9%,1. 3%,3. 8%,and 7. 8%,respectively. Rotavirus,norovirus and adenovirus were detectable in each month. The infection of rotavirus,rather than novovirus infection had obvious seasonality which peaked in autumn and winter. The infection rates in age groups of 0-2 years were higher than that in age group of 3-5 years. Conclusions Rotavirus and norovirus were the major pathogens. The majority of the infected children were younger than two years of age. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of viral diarrhea,especially among infants and young children.