大坡度山地果园运输机自适应重力阻尼装置的研制

Development of adaptive damping device for large slope mountainous orchard gravity-powered transporter

为解决大坡度山地果园运输机速度不易控制的问题,研制了一种自适应重力阻尼装置,能够使运送箱沿钢丝绳轨道匀速下降。通过分析制动蹄和重力传动装置的运动和受力,建立了匀速制动阶段自适应重力阻尼装置的动力学模型,推导了轮对和制动蹄的力矩方程,根据平衡条件,得到了各物理量之间的关系。分析表明,在自适应重力阻尼装置结构一定的情况下,制动扭矩的大小只与转速有关,并且成2次函数关系;运载量与传动比的3次方成正比,并且运载量的变化对运送箱的下降速度影响很小。通过试验,得到了转速对制动扭矩的影响,与动力学模型分析的结果吻合。由于制动鼓温度过高对摩擦效果影响很大,因此设计了散热器,并进行试验,得到了制动鼓能维持温度平衡的最大转速和扭矩,分别为820 r/min、46 N·m,满足运输机使用要求。

To overcome the difficulties of speed control of the large slope mountainous orchard gravity-powered transporter, an adaptive damping device was developed, which could make the shipping box decline uniformly along the wire rope track. By analyzing the movement and force of the gravity transmission and brake shoe, established the dynamic model of adaptive damping device in uniform braking phase, and deduced the torque equation of the wheel and brake shoe. According to equilibrium conditions, the relationship between the various physical quantities was obtained. Analysis showed that brake torque only had relation with the speed, and the relationship between them was a quadratic function; Carrying capacity and the cube of transmission ratio were proportional. Changes in the carrying amount had little effect on the rate of decline of the shipping box. Through the test, effect of speed on the braking torque was gotten, which was consistent with the kinetic model. As the temperature condition of the brake drum had great influence on the friction effect, designed the radiator and made an experiment, and obtained the maximum speed and torque when brake drum could maintain temperature balance, which were 820 r/rain and 46 N·m, and they were consistent with the application reauirements.