“农进渔退”：清末以来鄱阳湖区水旱灾情的历史考察

“Promoting Agriculture While Reducing Fishery”: Analyzing the History of the Situation of Flood and Drought Disasters in Poyang Lake District Since the Late Qing Dynasty

渔业曾经是鄱阳湖区主导产业,明清以来圩堤围垦促进了湖区农业发展,鄱阳湖区成了著名的"鱼米之乡"。"农进渔退"成为近世以来鄱阳湖区及中国大湖区域开发利用的普遍形式。20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区出现了明显的"农进渔退"。农进渔退引发鄱阳湖区生态环境系统的逆向演替,破坏了湖区的生态环境,农进渔退诱发水旱灾害发生及频发加剧,致使湖区水旱灾害日趋严重。"农进渔退"给湖区造成了巨大灾情,阻碍区域社会经济的发展。

Fishery is the traditional industry of Poyang Lake District. Since the Ming and Qing Dynas- ty,the reclamation has greatly promoted the development of agriculture in Poyang Lake District, which made Poyang Lake District nicknamed ＂a land of milk and honey＂. Since modern times, ＂Pro- moting Agriculture While Reducing Fishery＂ has become the common forms of exploitation in Poyang Lake District and the surrounding regions. The trend of promoting agriculture while reducing fishery became very obvious during the second half of the 20th century, which caused reverse reconstruction of ecological environment system, and the ecological environment has been severely damaged, which led to increasingly serious flood and drought disasters, for the specific performance of it induced and intensified frequent floods and droughts. ＂ Promoting Agriculture While Reducing Fishery＂ had caused great disasters and hindered the development of regional social economy.