19世纪湘西苗疆半职业管理阶层与乡村社区权力结构的近代性变迁

The Stratum of Half Professional Management and Village Community Power Structure Change in the 19th Century in Miaojiang of Western Hunan

19世纪湘西苗疆屯政在中国屯政史上具有重要地位,它不仅创新了屯政组织与管理,而且对苗疆多民族社区各方面的发展都产生了深层次影响,乡村社会半职业管理阶层的出现就是其影响的重要体现。这个新兴社会阶层的出现,改变了传统的国家与乡村的分离状况,从而在苗疆乡村社区中,逐渐形成了国家权力、乡村自治权、社区传统权力三权并存的结构。这个权力结构虽然还不是近代权力结构,但其已经具备了近代性的一些特征,这在中国历史发展中具有重要意义。

The politics of garrison has very important position in the 19th century in Miaojiang of western Hunan in the political history of China. It not only innovated the garrison political organization and management, but also had deep influence on the Miao-nationality region multi-nationality community＇s development. The appearance of half professional management leads to village community＇s tradition social mobility pattern, village community social class structure, village community power structure, national culture and so on. This article discusses thoroughly the politics of garrison half professional management stratum and the emerging social status, which has great significance on the Chinese history development.