我国农业产地环境污染成因及治理对策——以镉大米为例

China' Production Environmental Pollution Reasons and Countermeasures——Taking Cadmiun-tained Rice as an Example

文章从多角度收集信息,对媒体报道和文献研究进行综合归纳整理,在此基础上,绘制出我国大米镉污染产地图。分析了造成大米中镉元素超标的4个原因:矿区污染、肥料带入、固体废弃物污染及污水灌溉。最后,探讨了我国政府对治理镉大米等重金属污染治理时存在的问题,提出,公布污染图;由国家统一规划,多部门协同监管;根据污染程度启动不同管理方案,对严重地区可实行"退耕还林"政策、设立国家级土地修复基金;加大污染治理研发等政策建议。

From Baidu Index we notice two peaks： namely the scandal of Cadmium-Tainted rice exposed by Guangzhou Food and Drug Administration in 2013, and Cadmium contamination map drawn by Caixin magazine in 2011. The paper summarizes the exposed origins of Cadmium-Tainted rice in or below the county-level, and then generate a more comprehensive Cadmium contamination map. By reviewing previous work, The paper summarizes four major reasons to cause excessive levels of cadmium： pollution from mines, fertilizers, waste dumping and sewage irrigation. At last, we put forward some policy suggestions： （1）the government should publish the pollution map; （2）controlling schemes should be proposed by the central government with the management of multidepartmental cooperation; （3）according to different pollution levels, various management plans should be started. For example, heavily contaminated zones can start the emergency plans, such as reforestation; （4） setting up a land renewal funds; （4） facilitating the development scientific research for pollution recovering.