基于化感效应筛选太子参的“相生”作物

Screening the Synergetic Crop of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Based on Allelopathic Effects

目的:以期筛选出太子参的"相生"作物,建立合理的轮作模式。方法:采用土培方法培育2年生太子参,并系统研究紫苏茎叶、薏苡根、金银花、水稻茎叶的水提物对太子参存苗率、幼苗生长及相关生理指标的化感效应。结果:在未种植土和连作土的基质下,紫苏茎叶和水稻茎叶的水提物对太子参幼苗的存苗率、苗高、根长、根鲜重及叶绿素含量都具有化感促进作用,而对太子参幼苗的可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都具有化感抑制作用,即紫苏和水稻均是太子参的"相生"作物;薏苡根和金银花的水提物对太子参幼苗的存苗率、苗高、根长、根鲜重及叶绿素含量都具有化感抑制作用,而对太子参幼苗的可溶性糖、MDA、游离Pro含量及SOD活性都具有化感促进作用,即薏苡和金银花均是太子参的"相克"作物;就综合化感效应而言,紫苏和水稻对太子参幼苗生长的化感作用强度为紫苏>水稻。结论:在实际生产中可采用紫苏-太子参轮作模式,从而减轻太子参的连作障碍现象和解决稻参轮作产生的大面积太子参种植地荒废搁置问题。

Objective:To screen the synergetic crop of Pseudostellaria heterophylla,and to establish a rational rotation cropping mode.Methods:With two-years old Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivated in soil cultures,an experiment was carried out to study the allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts of Perilla frutescens stem leaf,roots of Coix lacryma-jobi,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Oryza sativa stem leaf on the germination rate,seedling growth and related physiological indexes of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.Results:The aqueous extracts of Perilla frutescens stem leaf and Oryza sativa stem leaf could promote the germination rate,seedling height,root length,root fresh weight and the chlorophyll content of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in unplanted soil and continuous cropping soil,but they inhibited the contents of soluble sugar,MDA,Pro and the activities of SOD.So the Perilla frutesens and Oryza sativa were the synergetic crop of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.However,the Coix lacryma-jobi and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were the antagonistic crop of Pseudostellaria heterophylla which inhibited the germination rate,seedling height,root length,root fresh weight and chlorophyll content,but promote the contents of soluble sugar,MDA,Pro and the activities of SOD,Coix lacryma-jobi and Lonicerar Japonicae were the restriction crop of Pesudostellaria heterophylla.To the comprehensive allelopathic effects,the aqueous extracts of Perilla frutesens stem leaf were more allelopathic than those from Oryza sativa stem leaf.Conclusion:The Perilla frutescens-Pseudostellaria heterophylla rotation cropping mode shows to be a good way for the cultivation of the former which can reduce the cropping obstacle phenomenon of Pseudostellaria heterophylla,and solve the problem of large area land abandoned of Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivated that produced by the Oryza sativa-Pseudostellaria heterophylla rotation cropping mode.