摘要
本研究以守恒、类包含、双维逻辑关系等多项认知任务施加于同一被试,探查了初入学七岁儿童的认知发展。结果表明这一年龄儿童已基本上获得有关守恒概念(除容积守恒),逻辑推理能力正在形成和发展。学校教育条件,家庭文化教育背景及个人智能等因素对认知发展有重要影响。个人内部的认知发展存在着横向参差现象,其原因有待进一步研究。
Eight items of the cognitive tasks, which consisted of conservation(two-dimensional space, continuous quatity, weight, area, volume), classinclusion, multiplication of class and multiplication of relations, were usedto examine the same child of 7-yr-olds in the first grade of primary sch- ools for exploring the inter-intraindividual differences on the cognitive de-velopment. The results showed:1. The subjects have already mostly acquired the concepts of conservati-on (except the conservation of volume). The reasoning abilities for theclass inclusion and the logical relationship of the two-dimention developedrapidly.2. The interindividual differences of children for cognitive developmentdepended on the effects of interaction between the envirnment and activi-ties of the child. The schooling qualities, the educated levels of the par-ents and the level of intelligence of the child were the important variablesfor the individual cognitive development.3. The acquisition of the concepts which were assumed to belong to thesame cognitive structures was not synchronous. The phenomenon of hori-zontal decalage for the intraindividual cognitive development was explain-ed as the expression of the unstable state during the processes of acquiringrelevant concepts or abilities.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第4期372-379,共8页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金会资助项目
