“克服过去”:联邦德国如何重塑历史政治意识

Overcoming the Past:How Did the Federal Republic of Germany Recreate Historical and Political Consciousness?

如何面对和克服纳粹历史,是二战后联邦德国政治意识塑造的核心问题。1950年代,阿登纳政府推行排斥纳粹历史和整合纳粹人员并行的双重策略。1960年代,在反犹主义讨论、纳粹审讯、纳粹罪行追诉时效讨论和学生运动的推动下,联邦德国踏上了公开讨论纳粹历史的道路。1970年代,社民党政府通过追溯纳粹主义的历史渊源,塑造了联邦德国全新的历史政治意识。1980年代,保守主义试图推动纳粹历史之"正常化",却遭到了社会民主主义的激烈反对。联邦德国克服过去的经验证明,只有大规模的公开争论,才是与纳粹历史交锋的利器。

After the World War Ⅱ, the central issue affecting the Federal Republic of Germany＇s re-creation of political consciousness is how to face and overcome the Nazi history. In the 1950s, the Adenauer administration implemented the dual strategy of ignoring the Nazi history while integrating the Nazis. In the 1960s, under the influence of anti-Semitic discussions, Nazi trials, discussion of time limitations on prosecution of Nazi crimes and the student movement, the Federal Republic of Germany began to permit public discussion of Nazi history. In the 1970s, the SPD government created a brand-new historical and political consciousness of the Federal Republic of Germany by tracing back to the origin of Nazism. In the 1980s, the conservative forces tried to promote ＂normalization＂ of Nazi history, but were met with fierce opposition of the SPD. The experience of the Federal Republic of Germany in overcoming the past shows that the only effective solution to denial of Nazi history is through large-scale public debate.