细粒锡石选矿技术研究进展及展望

Research Status and Prospective on Separation Technology of Fine Cassiterite

锡石密度大,重选为锡石回收的传统选矿工艺,同时锡石性脆易碎,磨矿过程容易发生过粉碎,微细粒嵌布锡石采用重选方法回收时,锡回收率低,而浮选的有效回收下限粒度较重选低,成为微细粒锡石有效回收的重要方法之一。总结了目前锡石选矿技术的研究现状,着重论述了锡石浮选药剂、浮选新技术、锡石浮选机理等方面的研究进展。锡石浮选捕收剂主要有水杨氧肟酸、苯乙烯膦酸、油酸等;常用抑制剂主要有水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、木质素磺酸钙(GF)、草酸等脉石抑制剂;浮选机理研究主要集中于浮选药剂在锡石表面吸附机理的探索,药剂与矿物表面的吸附形式主要为化学吸附;锡石浮选新技术主要有电浮选、载体浮选、选择性絮凝浮选、剪切—絮凝浮选、溶气浮选等。针对细粒锡石展开系统的浮选技术研究,对提高锡石资源利用率,使我国锡石的资源优势转变成产业优势,满足经济发展对锡资源日益增长的需求,具有重要的现实意义和广阔的应用前景。

Gravity is the main separation method of cassiterite for its high density,at the same time,overgrinding may happen to cassiterite for the characteristics of sexual and easily fragile.Low recovery of fine cassiterite is the main problem in the separation due to its high grindability,and flotation can be used to improve the Sn recovery of fine cassiterite.Research on technology of cassiterite mineral processing was reviewed,especially the progress in the respect of flotation reagents,new technology of flotation and flotation mechanism.The main flotation reagent was such the cassiterite collector as salicylhydroxamic acid,styrene phosphoric acid,oleic acid,etc.and the gangue depressant like sodium silicate,sodium hexametaphosphate,sodium carboxymethylcellulose,calcium lignosulphonate,oxalic acid,etc.the mechanism of flotation reagent adsorbed on the surface of cassiterite was investigated,and the collectors was essentially on the cassiterite surface available for chemisorptions.In the meantime,the new fine cassiterite flotation technology as electroflotation,carrier flotation,selective flocculation flotation,shearflocculation flotation and dissolved air floatation is introduced.Furthermore,the study on the cassiterite flotation technology to recovery fine cassiterite highly is the key way for increase the utilization of cassiterite resources,turning the resources privilege into industry privilege and satisfying the sustainable use of tin resources,the research on which has huge realistic meaning and wide application foreground.