儒家博爱观念的起源及其蕴含

The Origin of Confucian Theory on Universal Love and Its Basic Implications

博爱的观念孕育于中国本土。作为仁的根本性内涵,儒家博爱适应于人道关爱与和谐群体的社会发展需要,自春秋发端,至战国进一步丰富。通过着重探讨先秦博爱观念的起源,揭示出儒家博爱论兴起时以爱人先于爱己和爱的互惠性为特色的基本蕴含,认为爱、亲、仁的概念之间是相互训释的关系,阐明博爱与差等双方是同一个仁爱在普遍原则与具体实践的不同层面的表现。孝为儒墨共有的观念,它可以在普遍之爱的意义上被理解。先秦初起的博爱观念在汉唐得以进一步展开并与社会政治相关联。"博爱之谓仁"的命题虽然晚出,但却集中展示了儒家博爱论的基本精神。

The idea of universal love was bred in China itself. As a fundamental content of benevolence （ren, 仁）, the idea of Confucian universal love which was originated from the Spring and Autumn Period and further enriched in the Warring States Period, has been adapt to the needs of China＇s social development for humane compassion and harmonious community. Through discussing the contents and characteristics about the origin of the theory on universal love in the Pre-Qin Period, this paper reveals its basic implications of putting others before oneself and advocating the reciprocity of love when the idea of Confucian universal love was initiated. And this paper also briefly summarizes the development of the idea of universal love with its social and political association from the Han to the Tang Dynasties. Though the proposition that universal love is benevolence was put forward later, it has manifested the basic spirit of Confucian theory on universal love.