吉林省辽河流域土地利用对气候变化的响应研究

Study on the Response of Land Use/Land Cover to Climate Change in Liao River Basin of Jilin Province

综合运用遥感技术、GIS空间分析技术,在获取吉林省辽河流域1989—2012年土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)数据及1962—2012年气候数据的基础上,分析了流域气候和土地利用的时空变化特征,并运用SPSS软件的Spearman秩相关分析,研究土地利用对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:研究区土地利用类型以耕地和林地为主,湿地、水域萎缩、草地退化已成为生态环境恶化的主要表现;近50a来气温呈显著增加趋势,降水量无明显变化;与土地利用变化数据的同期研究时段(1989—2012年)内气温呈下降趋势,其空间分布呈现由西南向东北逐渐降低,降水量呈增加趋势,在空间分布上由东南向西北逐渐减少,表明区域干暖化趋势有所改善;研究区不同土地利用类型对气候变化的响应有显著差异,其中,水田、水域和草地的面积变化受降水量的累积滞后效应显著,而与气温相关性较小。

Utilizing the remote sensing technology and GIS spatial analysis technology, we analyzed the spatio- temporal changes in climate and land uses in Liao River Basin of Jilin Province. Synthesizing the data on land use and land cover change （LUCC） through 1989—2012 and climatic data of 1962—2012, we revealed the re- sponse of land use change to climate change with the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results indica- ted that the cultivated land and the woodland were the dominant land use types in the study area. The redue tions of wetland, water area and the grassland degradation were occurring in this area. In recent five dec ades, mean annual temperature （MAT） increased significantly while mean annual precipitation （MAP） changed slightly. Through 1989—2012, MAT tended to decrease but MAP tended to rise. MAT decreased from the southwest to the northeast and MAP increased from southeast to northwest, which illustrated that the drier and warmer trend had improved in this area. The determinants of the response of land use types to climate change differentiated in different land use types. The spatial distribution of paddy field, water area and grassland presented a hysteresis response to MAP and showed a little response to MAT variation.