Amplitude spectrum compensation and phase spectrum correction of seismic data based on the generalized S transform

基于广义S变换的地震资料振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正方法研究（英文）

We propose a method for the compensation and phase correction of the amplitude spectrum based on the generalized S transform. The compensation of the amplitude spectrum within a reliable frequency range of the seismic record is performed in the S domain to restore the amplitude spectrum of reflection. We use spectral simulation methods to fit the time-dependent amplitude spectrum and compensate for the amplitude attenuation owing to absorption. We use phase scanning to select the time-, space-, and frequencydependent phases correction based on the parsimony criterion and eliminate the residual phase effect of the wavelet in the S domain. The method does not directly calculate the Q value; thus, it can be applied to the case of variable Q. The comparison of the theory model and field data verify that the proposed method can recover the amplitude spectrum of the strata reflectivity, while eliminating the effect of the residual phase of the wavelet. Thus, the wavelet approaches the zero-phase wavelet and, the seismic resolution is improved.

由于地下介质对地震波振幅的影响和地震波频散因素,地震波振幅和相位随时间、空间及频率的变化而发生改变,本文提出一种基于广义S变换的振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正新方法。该方法在S域中分为振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正两个步骤进行处理:振幅谱补偿是在地震记录可靠频带范围内恢复反射系数的振幅谱,其具体实现是在S域中利用谱模拟技术来拟合时变子波振幅谱,从而补偿由地层吸收所引起的振幅衰减;相位谱校正是消除子波剩余相位的影响,其具体实现是在S域中利用相位扫描来拾取随时间、空间和频率而变化的相位校正量,并由Parsimony准则来进行最佳相位判别。本文方法不需要直接求取Q值,能够适用于变Q值情况。理论模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法不仅能恢复地层反射系数的振幅谱,还可以有效消除子波剩余相位的影响,使子波接近或达到零相位,从而提高地震资料分辨率。