常州地区过敏性鼻炎儿童吸入性过敏原分析

Analysis of inhaled allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Changzhou area

目的：分析常州地区过敏性鼻炎患儿吸入性过敏原检测结果及不同年龄组过敏原分布情况。方法采用德国敏筛过敏原检侧系统（Allergy Screen）测定473例0～12岁过敏性鼻炎患儿血清中过敏原特异性 IgE 抗体水平。根据年龄分为婴幼儿组（0～3岁）、学龄前儿童（4～6岁）和学龄儿童（7～12岁），并比较不同年龄组过敏原阳性率及变化趋势。结果473例患儿过敏原阳性340例（71.9％），前三位过敏原分别是户尘螨（55.6％）、混合真菌（25.8％）和屋尘（18.8％），随年龄增长阳性率均呈升高趋势。其中户尘螨（χ2＝21.061，P ＝0.000）、屋尘（χ2＝15.111，P ＝0.000）和猫狗毛皮屑（χ2＝7.597，P ＝0.022）组间分布比较差异有统计学意义。单一过敏原阳性率最高（38.5％），第二位为双重过敏原阳性（23.7％）。单一过敏原阳性前三位与各类过敏原总体阳性排序相同。最常见双重过敏原是户尘螨＋屋尘组合，多重过敏原阳性率组间分布差异有统计学意义（χ2＝13.399，P ＝0.001）。结论常州地区过敏性鼻炎患儿吸入性过敏原以户尘螨、混合真菌和屋尘为主，阳性率随年龄增长呈上升趋势，不同年龄组过敏原构成有差异，单一过敏原阳性最常见，其次为双重过敏原阳性。

Objective To analyze the results of inhaled allergens detection in children with allergic rhinitis（AR）in Changzhou ar-ea and the distribution situation of allergens in different age groups.Methods The levels of serum allergen specific IgE antibodies in 473 children cases（aged 1-12 years）of allergic rhinitis（AR）were detected by the Allergy Screen allergen screen system.The children cases were divided into the infants group（0-3 years old）,preschool children（4-6 years old）and school age children（7 -12 years old）according to age.The allergen positive rates and the change tendency were compared among different age groups.Re-sults Among 473 children cases of allergic rhinitis,340 cases（71.9%）were positive.The top three allergens were house dust mite （55.6%）,mixed fungi（25.8%）and house dust（18.8%）.The positive rate of allergen showed the upward trend with the age in-crease.The distribution of house dust mite（χ2 =21.061,P =0.000）,house dust （χ2 =15.111,P =0.000）and the cat and dog dan-der（χ2 = 7.597,P = 0.022 ）was statistically significant among the three groups.Single allergen positive rate was the highest （38.5%）and the secand was double allergens（23.7%）.The top three positive in single allergens was consistent with sort of total allergen positive rate.The most common double allergen was the combination of house dust mites and house dust.The multiple al-lergen positive rate had statistical significance in the distribution among groups（χ2 =13.399,P =0.001）.Conclusion The inhaled allergens of AR children in Changzhou area are dominated by house dust mite,mixed fungi and house dust.The positive rate shows the increasing trend with age increase.The allergen constituents are different in different age groups.The positive single allergen is most common,followed by positive double allergens.