甘博镜头中的五四运动

The May 4th Movement through Gamble's Camera

西德尼·戴维·甘博是美国社会经济学家和摄影家。1917年至1932年,他曾三次来到中国,以一个社会学家的角度拍下5000余张照片,记录了当时中国的社会生活。1919年五四运动前后,甘博恰巧在中国,拍下相关照片60余幅,记录了五四运动前中国庆祝一战胜利,五四运动中学生演讲、被捕、在总统府前抗议及11月29日北京学生为抗议"福州惨案"在天安门前集会等史实,留下宝贵的图像资料。这些照片不但可以直观地反映那段历史,更可以起到与文献史料相印证并补充史料的作用。目前甘博拍摄的有关五四运动的照片有些已经广为流传,有些却鲜为人知,有些甚至常常被人误用。本文试图结合史料对相关照片做一简要梳理,并对一些甘博记录有误的照片进行考辨。

Sidney D. Gamble, an American sociologist and photographer, visited China three times between 1917 and 1932 and took more than 5,000 photos from a sociological point of view. Over sixty of these photos are about the May 4th Movement of 1919. Gamble＇s camera captured important events such as the celebration of the victory of World War I in 1918 at the Forbidden City, students delivering speeches, being arrested and protesting in front of the Presidential Palace during the May 4th Movement, and students assembling in front of the Tian＇anmen tower to protest against the Fuzhou Massacre on 29 November 1919. These photos, documenting many historical moments, are valuable visual sources that can be compared with existing printed materials about that period. Photos taken by Gamble have been widely spread, though some still remain rarely known and others have been misused. By referring to historical data, the current author tries to give a brief review of photos about the May 4th Movement and make corrections to inaccurate recordings.