LEA蛋白及其在植物抗逆改良中的应用

LEA Protein and Its Application in Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Plants

干旱、盐碱、高温和寒冷等逆境制约着植物的生长发育。植物中含有一组亲水性极强的蛋白,称为胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白(late embryogenesis abundant,LEA蛋白),在自然条件下这种蛋白质一般在种子发育晚期积累,其对多种非生物胁迫具有很强的抵抗能力,并能响应干旱、寒冷、高盐和ABA等信号。LEA蛋白通过保持细胞渗透压、保护细胞膜结构、作为分子伴侣保护其他蛋白等方式维持植物正常的代谢反应。就LEA蛋白的分类、结构、抗逆机制以及在植物抗逆改良中的应用进行了简要综述。

Adverse conditions, including drought, salinity and extreme temperatures, often restrict the growth and development of plants. In plants, there exist a group of highly hydrophilic proteins, known as LEA（late embryogenesis abundant）proteins, which generally accumulate at the last stage of embryogenesis under natural conditions. It has a strong resistance to various abiotic stresses, and can respond to drought, cold, high salt and ABA signals. LEA proteins can maintain normal metabolic reactions of plants by maintaining cellular osmotic pressure, protecting the cell membrane structure and functioning as a molecular chaperone to protect other proteins. In this paper, the classification, structure, stress tolerance mechanisms of LEA protein and its application in improvement of stress tolerance in plant were reviewed.