相权、儒术、勋旧的三重奏——赵普与卢多逊之争探论

A trio of prime minister,Confucian scholar and former official with meritorious services to the royal family: A study of the political struggles between Zhao Pu and Lu Duoxun

赵普和卢多逊是宋初的著名权相,双方进行了一场持久、曲折、激烈的斗争,政治动因复杂、涉及层面广泛,可谓宋初两朝政治风云的缩略图景。赵、卢之争可分为三个不同的阶段,最后以赵胜卢败收场。究其原因,首先,皇帝集权与宰相集权之间存在冲突;其次,卢多逊以过人的学识、谋略、功业取代赵普,升任宰辅,是"宰相须用儒者"的"祖宗家法"的成型及初步实践;第三,赵普能够保存政治资本,并抓住契机投靠太宗、恢复相位、打垮对手,全凭拥有卢多逊所没有的皇室勋旧身份。

Zhao Pu and Lu Duoxun were both famous and powerful prime ministers at the beginning of the Song dynasty, and had pro- longed, arduous and bitter political struggles against each other. Their struggles had complicated political causes, covered quite a few as- pects, and could be divided into three stages. Finally, Zhao won and Lu failed. There were three reasons for this result. First, conflicts could not be avoided between the emperor and the prime minister when they both tried to have centralized power. Second, Lu edged out Zhao and became the prime minister at first because of his outstanding knowledge, intelligence and achievement,which was the crystal- lization and initial practice of ＂prime minister must be a Confucian scholar＂ as the ＂rule inherited from the ancestors＂. Third, Zhao could keep his political capital after his first failure and then seized the chance to seek the patronage from Emperor Taizong and regain the post of prime minister so that he could defeat Lu completely due to his identity as one of the former officials with meritorious services to the royal family.