第一代农民工非正规就业的养老欠款问题及其解决对策

Pension Debt Problems and Countermeasures of the First Generation of Migrant Workers in Informal Employment

我国人口老龄化程度日益提高,对现有养老模式提出挑战。第一代农民工已达到或接近退休年龄,却因非正规就业遗留下诸多养老欠款问题不能安享晚年,只能从事高强度体力劳动维持生存,生活和养老现状令人担忧。分析非正规就业下第一代农民工自身、企业和政府对其养老保障的认识、动机和态度存在一些误区,并对第一代农民工非正规就业导致的养老欠款境况进行详细解析,主要表现为参保率低、退保率高和转移困难三个方面。最后提出第一代农民工养老欠款设计补偿性解决方案:建立"差别型"养老保险体系,实行弹性养老保险制度,与商业保险机构合作开发"菜单式养老保险",加强农民工养老保险的立法工作,完善养老保险网络信息化建设,重视农村老年服务产业发展,构建全方位保障体系。

With the extent of the aging population deepening, the existing pension model has presented a huge challenge. The first generation of migrant workers has reached retirement age, but the informal employment left many pension debt problems,they can only survive by engaging high-intensity physical labor, and their life and pension status quo is worrying. Due to informal employment system, the first generation of migrant workers themselves ignored their old-age security, and the enterprises were short of the duty of offering them old-age security, and the government failed to establish supporting system of their old-age security. Then many pension debt problems were left behind, such as low participation rate, high surrender rate and difficult transfer. Nowdays, there are several compensatory solutions for pension debts of the first generation of migrant workers as follows： establishing a ＂difference type＂ pension system, implementing flexible pension system, developing ＂menu style pension＂ through cooperating with commercial insurance agencies, strengthening the legislative work of migrant workers＇ pension insurance, improving network construction of pension information, attaching importance to the development of rural elderly services industry, and building a comprehensive security system.