价值理论与生产劳动——关于价值生产劳动的范围

The Value Theory of Labor and Productive Labor:On the Scope of Value-Producing Labor

随着分工及资本向社会各层面的扩张,劳动范畴不断扩大和多样化。对此,庸俗经济学主张一切承担社会功能的劳动都是价值生产劳动,以掩盖剩余价值的本质。本文将非生产劳动分为承担生产以外职能(流通、分配和消费)的劳动和精神性劳动,分别指出了它们都不遵循劳动生产率原则,批判了把承担生产以外的社会职能混同为承担生产职能、把生产使用价值混同为生产价值、把一切雇佣劳动都当做生产劳动的错误观点,从而说明了资本家如何因这些劳动的非生产性而试图以节约非生产费用的原则统制这些劳动,揭示了被庸俗价值论掩盖的、资本主义的逐利性与人类社会本质需要的根本矛盾。

With the progress of the division of laborand the expansion of capital, categories of labor have been expanding, and thus, in order to conceal the nature of the surplus value, vulgar economics insists that labor that performs social functions should be regarded as productive labor. In this article, Icategorize nonproductive labor into the labor that performs nonproductive social functions and mental labor, and point out that the labor does not follow the principle of labor productivity. I criticize the views that conflate nonproductive functions with productive functions, the production of value with the production of use value, and the views that regard all the labor of wage employment as productive labor. I illustrate how capitalists attempt to control the nonproductive labor for saving nonproductive costs due to the fact that that labor is unproductive, and also uncover the fundamental contradiction of the profit-driving nature of capitalism and the essential needs of human society, which has been concealed by the value theory of vulgar economics.