论亚—美跨太平洋新航路的开辟

On Opening of New Sea Route via Pacific between Asia and America

开辟新航路首先指能驾船渡海过去,其次指能基本原路返回。在麦哲伦首次环球航行时,1521年就成功开辟了从美洲西渡太平洋到达亚洲的新航路,但从亚洲东渡太平洋返回美洲的航路却因种种原因长期未能开辟。直到44年后的1565年,以乌尔达涅塔为首的西班牙航海家,在各种因素的作用下,经过艰难探索,不畏牺牲,才终于成功开辟了亚美新航路。在大力倡导"一带一路"战略的今天,更加需要梳理这段历史,解构历史背景,分析各种失败的教训和成功的原因,考证有关问题,探讨开辟亚美新航路的重要历史意义。

Opening of a new sea route means first to drive a sail cross sea over there and second to navigate to return via former route basically. During Magellan＇s first circumnavigation, they opened successfully the new sea route from America westward via Pacific to Asia already. Yet the sea route from Asia eastward via Pacific to America could not been opened for long because of various causes, even if the Europeans mainly the Spanish made many endeavors and paid heavy cost. Till 1565, 44 years after Magellan＇s global naviga- tion, the Spanish navigators headed by Andres de Urdaneta had finally opened the new sea route between A- sia and America successfully through hard explorations without fearing sacrifices. Today while initiating with great effort the strategy of ＂One economic belt and one sea silk route＂, it is more meaningful to comb this history, deconstructs its historical background, analyzes the lessons of various failures and experiences of success, verifies some concerning questionsto discusses the important historical significance of opening the new sea route between Asia and America.