云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器发展现状及趋势

Optical remote sensor for cloud and aerosol from space: past,present and future

气溶胶是影响地球气候和环境的不确定因素之一,星载被动光学遥感具有大视场、宽波段、高时空分辨率等优势,已成为云与气溶胶探测的有效手段之一。本文简述了云与气溶胶光学遥感探测的必要性和可行性,详细介绍了国内外典型云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的系统组成、主要技术参数和方案特点,并基于现有仪器的不足和气溶胶反演需求,指出了云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的发展趋势,给出了新一代云与气溶胶光学遥感仪器的方案设计结果。集成大视场、中等分辨率、多角度、多光谱、宽谱段、长寿命的高精度偏振测量是新一代星载云与气溶胶光学遥感探测仪的首选方案和发展趋势。

Aerosol is considered to be one of many uncertainties which affect the Earth＇s climates and environments. Space-borne passive optical remote sensor with large field of view,wide-band and high spatial resolution has become an effective means to realize cloud and aerosol detection from space. After summarizing necessities and feasibilities of optical sensor for cloud and aerosol remote sensing,system components,technical parameters and characteristics of typical optical sensors for cloud and aerosol remote sensing are introduced in detail. Deficiencies of current instruments and real needs of aerosol retrieval are analyzed,and the development tendency of instruments for cloud and aerosol remote sensing from space is indicated. Finally,a new cloud and aerosol remote sensing instrument architecture is envisioned. Integration of large field,medium-resolution,multi-angle,multi-spectral,wide-spectrum and high accuracy polarimetric sensing approaches into a single instrument with long life would be the best choice for new generation optical remote sensor for cloud and aerosolfrom space.