退休及养老金收入对幸福感的影响——基于CHARLS数据的经验分析

The Influence of Retirement and Pension Income on Subjective Well-Being——An empirical research based on CHARLS

本文选择CHARLS调查数据,运用Ordered Probit模型和OLS模型,基于幸福感的两个层面(生活满意感和快乐感)考察了我国现行制度下退休及其养老金收入带来的幸福感差异。研究结果表明,退休从总体上显著地增加了居民的快乐感;其中,正常退休对生活满意感和快乐感的影响最为明显,提前退休和内退不显著。同时,不仅退休对幸福感的影响存在群体异质性,而且退休过渡中的关键因素(收入和闲暇变化)对不同群体的影响也具有较大差异。此外,在养老金类型差异带来的幸福感差异中,养老金的相对水平而非绝对数量起到更为关键的作用。由此,退休制度调整应在总体延迟的基础上包容差异性,应与劳动力市场制度完善同步推进。而养老金并轨改革在实现制度并轨后,更应达到消除不同群体间养老金收入不合理差距的结果。

Based on the latest data from CHALRS, this paper defined the subjective well-being from two dimensions, life satisfaction and sense of happiness, and examined the influence of retirement and pension income on them by using Ordered Probit model and OILS model. The results showed that retirement generally increased happiness, in which the effects of normal retirement were obvious, but the effects of early retirement and internal retirement were not significant. The impacts of retirement on subjective well-being differed by different groups. Further studies illustrated that the effects of retirement on subjective well-being were largely due to the changes of income and leisure time, which was also heterogeneous by group. Moreover, it was the relative level of pension income not the absolute amount that caused the divergence of subjective well-being among retirees. Therefore extension reform should be inclusive and carried out in synch with the perfection of the labor market system. The merging of the social pension systems should achieve the result of eliminating unreasonable gaps in pension income for different groups.