岳麓秦简所见“隶臣妾”问题新证

A New Textual Research on Li Chen Qie of Zou Yan Documents in the Qin Bamboo Slips Kept in Yuelu Academy

最新刊布的《岳麓书院藏秦简(叁)》披露了一批有关秦"隶臣妾"的新材料。这些史料显示,"隶臣更"具有自由经商和竞争商铺之权利,而"隶臣哀"和"隶臣毋智"也是行动自由且在"狱史"或"令史"领导下从事缉捕罪犯等工作。很明显,他们并非"由于触犯刑律而被司法机关判处刑罚的罪犯",因此,秦"隶臣妾"为刑徒之说不能完全成立。《岳麓书院藏秦简(叁)》还向世人展示了鲜活的有关秦"隶"的史料,这些史料为我们正确认识"臣妾"和"隶臣妾"的区别提供了新的依据。其实,秦"隶臣妾"应分为两种:第一种为依附于官府名下之"隶臣妾",这种"隶臣妾"又分为具有行动自由且通过"从事公"或经营产业而获得经济收入之"隶臣妾"和因触犯法律而被处"以为隶臣妾"者;第二种为依附于私人名下之"隶臣妾",他们只有获得户主放免后,才能拥有立户和财产支配权。

The Qin Bamboo Slips Kept in Yuelu Academy published in 2013 disclose some new materials about Qin ＂Li Chen Qie＂. These Qin Bamboo Slips show that the ＂Li Chen Geng＂ provided with free trade and competition for shops exists in Qin Dynasty. And ＂Li Chen Ai＂ and ＂Li Chen Wu Zhi＂ have the rights of the freedom of action with the responsibility for arresting criminals. Obviously, they are not criminals so the viewpoint of ＂Qin Li Chen Qie＂ belonging to criminals cannot be accepted. In addition, these Qin Bamboo Slips also promulgate the ＂Li＂ to the world for the first time so that the differences between the ＂Chen Qie＂ and ＂Li Chen Qie＂ can be comprehended. The official ＂Li Chen Qie＂ can be divided into two types： the first attached to authorities have freedom of action and can get economic income. And the second is the official criminals. But the ＂Li Chen Qie＂ attached to the privates can obtain residence and property after they are pardoned by housemasters.