云南省贫困地区6～23月龄婴幼儿营养生长状况调查

Malnutrition status of children aged 6～23 months in poor rural counties in Yunnan province

目的了解及分析云南省贫困地区兰坪县和鹤庆县6-23月龄婴幼儿的营养与生长发育状况,为营养包的进一步发放提供理论依据。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,以兰坪县和鹤庆县共10个乡24个村642名婴幼儿作为研究对象,进行问卷调查、体格指标测定和指血血红蛋白检测。采用WHO 2006的身高标准体重参考值作为评价标准计算Z评分,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果云南省贫困地区兰坪县和鹤庆县仅有不到6%的乳母在1h内开奶,且婴幼儿出生4个月内母乳喂养率为72.1%;同时,该地区6-23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率为14.2%,低体重率为7.9%,消瘦率为5.1%,均低于2002年贫困农村的总体水平,且生长迟缓率在三个年龄段之间差异有统计学意义。在各不同年龄段仍然存在重度消瘦和低体重的婴幼儿比例,这可能与看护人的文化程度有一定的影响;贫血率为35.2%,低于2009年调查的中西部地区46县6-35月龄的婴幼儿贫血患病率（45.9%）,6-11月龄婴幼儿贫血发病率相对较高,并且随着年龄的增大贫血率呈现逐渐降低的趋势。结论云南省兰坪县和鹤庆县6-23月龄婴幼儿的营养不良率较高,需采取措施改善婴幼儿的营养健康状况。

Objective To understand nutrition and growth status of infants aged 6-23months in two of poorer counties,Lanping county and Heqing county in Yunnan province. Methods An observation was conducted by measurements of questionnaires,anthropometriy and hemoglobin concentration with 642 infants aged 6-23months sampled by a stratification method.HAZ,WAZ and WHZ were calculated with WHO standards and the data was analyzed by software SPSS 17.0.Results Only less than 6% of nursing mothers fed their baby within 1h,and the breastfeeding rate was 72.1%in Lanping and Heiqing counties.The stunting prevalence of infants aged 6-23months in the counties was 14.2%,the underweight prevalence was 7.9% and the wasting prevalence was 5.1%,which the overall results were lower than the 2002 poverty level in rural areas.Meanwhile,the stunting prevalence was significantly different among the three age groups,and the severe wasting and underweight still existed in various age groups,which had some impact on the caregiver＇s educational level.The anemia prevalence was 35.2%,which was lower than the results（45.9%）in central and western regions of 46 counties.In addition,the anemia prevalence of infants aged 6-11months was higher than that of the other two age groups,and with increasing age,that showed a gradual decreasing trend. Conclusions The results indicate that the malnutrition of infants aged 6-23months in the two poor counties in Yunnan province is high.There needs comprehensive intervention measures to improve the nutrition and health status of the infant in the region.