基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络分层路由协议

Hierarchical routing protocol based on non-uniform clustering for wireless sensor network

针对大规模无线传感器网络(WSN)中由于簇首节点分布不合理而导致节点消耗能量过快的问题,设计了一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络分层路由协议(HRPNC)。HRPNC结合低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议(LEACH)中的分簇思想,并在分层的基础上对能量均衡的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议(DEBUC)中竞争半径的算法进行改进,即通过分层机制及竞争机制选取簇首,使簇首节点分布更加合理,有效均衡节点的能量消耗。在Matlab上进行的仿真实验中,HRPNC在生存周期上较LEACH协议与DEBUC协议分别提高了约500轮、300轮;HRPNC的节点平均剩余能量高于LEACH协议与DEBUC协议,节点能量的消耗在生存周期间基本保持较低且平稳的能量消耗;HRPNC较LEACH协议与DEBUC协议在数据包传输总量上分别提高了约300%、130%;在不同仿真环境下,HRPNC的丢包率均比LEACH协议和DEBUC协议低。实验结果表明,HRPNC不仅能有效延长网络的生存周期,提高数据的传输数量与网络的稳定性,并且能有效降低数据传输的丢包率。

According to the problem of excessive energy consumption caused by the unreasonable distribution of cluster head nodes in the large-scale Wireless Sensor Network（ WSN）, a Hierarchical Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Non-uniform Clustering（ HRPNC） was designed. HRPNC combined the idea of clustering in Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy（ LEACH）, and basing on stratification improved the algorithms of competitive radius regarding EnergyBalanced Unequal Clustering routing protocol for WSN（ DEBUC）. Through taking advantage of hierarchical mechanism and the mechanism of competition, the distribution of the cluster heads turned out to be more reasonable and the energy consumption of such nodes got balance effectively. In the simulation performed on the Matlab, the life cycle of HRPNC was higher than that of the LEACH and DEBUC by about 500 and 300 rounds respectively. The average residual energy of the nodes with HRPNC was higher than that of the nodes with LEACH and DEBUC. As to the energy consumption, it remained lower and more stable during the survival phase. Besides, compared with LEACH and DEBUC, the aggregate of data packet of HRPNC was 300% and 130% higher respectively. What is more, under different simulations, the packet loss rate of HRPNC was lower than that of LEACH and DEBUC. The experimental results show that HRPNC can not only extend the lifetime of the network, and increase network stability and the number of data transmission, but also reduce the loss rate of data transmission effectively.